Kazakhstan: Karagandy
Karagandy or Karaganda is the fourth largest city in Kazakhstan and the industrial heart – this is all about coal mining. Most of the mining was done here with labor camps throughout the Soviet history – entire ethnic groups were forcefully deported here starting from Stalin’s times and on forward. Many monuments and Soviet architecture are anchored in the past, while other things like Independence Tower and the grand Mosque show the new Kazakh realities.
